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Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 181 SEE ALSO: z numeric parameter, ZONE environment variable NOTE: Backdating file creation times may confuse some backup programs. e Indicates the number of errors, failed file transfers and the number of characters received by the term function with parity error, framing error or overrun. EXAMPLE: if e>30 goto badline If the term function increments the error count to 0[3] (from a negative number), and E mode is set, the term function exits. This allows the script to regain control in the event of a noisy line. This condition is indicated by the e test condition being false (0). EXAMPLE: pe-20; ... wait; if !e goto badline This parameter is reset to 0 by the call command. SEE ALSO: e numeric parameter, E mode SEE ALSO: e test condition (if, while commands) f Fail time. Sets the default timeout in seconds for matching a pattern. This timeout is reset whenever a character is received from the remote. Timeout is suspended whenever a XOFF (DC3 or Control-S) is keyboarded, and resumed when XON (DC1 or Control-Q) is keyboarded. The f parameter value may be overridden for one command by the ftime mode. EXAMPLE: pf15 sets a default 15 second inactivity timeout for pattern searches. g Set the "gochar" (decimal). (See the ASCII/Decimal conversion table in Chapter 29). The g parameter is reset to its default (linefeed, 10) by the call command. (See documentation on the p mode.) Some remote systems accept uploads with a ? (decimal 63) prompt for each line. Optimum operation with such a system might call for __________ 3. Refer to E mode description for caveats. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 182 pg63 pp1000 pt4 f -tp file1 The pg63 sets the goahead character to question mark. The pp1000 sets the timeout to a long delay (10 seconds). The pt4 sets the upload throttle to 40 milliseconds per characters, a speed which allows the remote to echo somewhat slowly (assuming no tabs). Finally, the command f -tp file sends file1 with Throttle and wait for Prompt at end of line. As a special case, if the "gochar" is set to 17 (called XON, DC1, or ^Q) before the p mode is set, file transmission is stopped until an XON is keyboarded or received from the remote. EXAMPLE: pg17; ena -p h Iff the h numeric parameter is set non zero, the h (Half Duplex) mode causes characters transmitted by the term function to be stored in the circular buffer as if they had been received from the remote. This allows the review function to display them. Since the echoed characters appear to have come from the remote, scripts may be affected, especially pattern searches. EXAMPLE: ph1; ena -h i Set the interval between retries to n seconds. EXAMPLE: pi4; call -200 busysys attack dials up to 201 times at 4 second intervals. SEE ALSO: call -n command j Sets the maximum connect time in seconds allowed restricted callers in host operation. The default value of 0 does not restrict connect time. EXAMPLE: pj300 disconnects restricted callers at the first command prompt after 5 minutes' connect time. k When receiving data from the remote at high speeds (9600 or faster), the display may fall behind data from the remote. Under these conditions, keyboarding an interrupt character (often Ctrl-C, or Break) will immediately stop the output from the remote, but the display will continue to scroll for some time while the data in the circular buffer is displayed. If this is objectionable, the k parameter may be set to the remote's particular interrupt character (in decimal). This parameter also affects the link command. When this character is keyboarded, undisplayed data pending in the (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 183 circular buffer is skipped over. (This data is still available to the review command. The call command resets this parameter to -1, disabling its function. EXAMPLE: Many DEC systems use ETX (Ctrl-C) to interrupt programs. Many Unix users also use ETX for interrupting programs. The command pk3 causes ZCOMM to skip buffered output from the remote. Unix users using the default interrupt character of RUBOUT may give the command pk127 l Selects LPTn for term function output when the l mode is set. In addition, adding 8 to the number allows terminal emulation escape codes to select "printer controller mode" iff the printer is ready at the time. Adding 16 to the number allows "printer controller mode" to be selected even if the printer is not ready at the time. Default is 1 (LPT1). EXAMPLE: pl2 selects LPT2. EXAMPLE: pl9 selects LPT1 and allows the remote application to enable "printer controller mode". m Causes file transmission with the f file command to pause when a character matching the decimal value is read from the file. That character is NOT transmitted. When the file uploading is paused, a keyboarded Ctrl-Q will resume transmission. The call command resets the m parameter to -1 (which matches nothing). EXAMPLE: pm12 Causes file uploading to pause on FormFeed (FF). n Set the normal display attribute. The default of 7 gives a normal white on black display. The numbers associated with the s, r, and n are stored in the attribute byte of each character position written in the corresponding mode. The bit configuration (color display) is: Blink R G B Intensity R G B with the leftmost the most significant. Users with color monitors often use 2 (green) to avoid color fringes caused by misconverged color monitors. NOTE: the actual writing color attribute is not changed until the next time the display is reset. Some attributes generate unreadable displays. Other attributes generate text that can only be seen on some monitors. EXAMPLE: pn3 sets cyan; pn2 sets green. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 184 o Iff non zero, allows overlap of file writing and incoming data from the remote. This increases throughput when receiving files with B, Extended Quick B, XMODEM, and YMODEM Batch protocols. ZCOMM sets this to 1 on startup unless a PC-jr is detected. p Pause sets the echo wait period (in hundredths of seconds) used with the pattern command and the w and p modes. Larger numbers give longer pauses. The default works well with most micro based bulletin board systems. The p parameter is reset to its default of 70 (700 milliseconds approximately) by the call command. SEE ALSO: p mode q Sets the "gopause". When sending a file with a wait for "gochar" ( p mode), ZCOMM waits Gopause hundredths of seconds AFTER it receives the "gochar". The q parameter also controls the time delay after a normal pattern match or putw command. The q parameter is reset to its default of 70 (700 milliseconds approximately) by the call command. The default value allows time for immediate echoes to be displayed and for the Hayes SmartModem(TM) to respond to most commands. SEE ALSO: p mode r Set the attribute for "reverse video". EXAMPLE: pr97 sets "reverse video" to blue on yellow. SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter s Set the attribute of the status line display (default 7, for white). A value of 8 (grey) may be chosen to prevent the status line display from distracting from the information being printed. The low intensity grey also minimizes phosphor burn. Some other possibilities are 2 for green, and 1 for blue (or underlined on the monochrome board). SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter t Sets the throttle speed (delay between characters in hundredths of seconds) used by the term function when uploading files with an f -t file command. The default value of 4 corresponds to about 20 characters per second sending speed when t mode is enabled. Larger numbers give slower transmission. The effective resolution of the t parameter is limited by the timekeeping resolution of the operating system; on PC-DOS the resolution is about 18 per second. A negative value (-1 to -32767) may be used to specify a software timing loop, with more negative values giving slower transmission. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 185 The speed effect of a negative t value depends on the processor speed and operating environment. The t parameter is reset to its default by the call command. SEE ALSO: t mode u Sets the video attribute used to represent underline. EXAMPLE: pu14 sets "underline" to yellow. SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter v Sets the verbose level (default 0). A value less than zero inhibits some routine messages. A value greater then zero causes the set command to list all string parameters, including empty string parameters. The screen erase after data calls in host operation is disabled. Values greater than 1 display script commands as they are fetched from the script file.* Larger values give more detailed tracing information. A value of 50+ causes data read by the read command to be displayed and acted upon by the term function (when called) as if it had arrived from the remote. NOTE: A v parameter value greater than zero affects scripts that generate files with the > command. w block length packet length Controls the block length used by the CompuServe B Protocol. A longer length increases throughput, but may overload some networks, resulting in excessive retransmissions or failed transfers. With the new Extended Quick-B protocol, the maximum block length is 1024 data bytes. A value of 0 (the default) allows the Compuserve computer to control the block length, up to 1024 with Extended Quick-B. A negative value controls the upload block length but still allows Compuserve to control the download block length (1024 with Extended Quick B). Uploads to Compuserve using longer block lengths are especially sensitive to poor flow control, especially when error correcting modems (MNP, etc.) are used. If B protocol uploads fail or require excessive retransmissions, correct the flow control arrangements, disable the modem's error correction, or try a smaller upload block size. The data contents of successfully transferred file(s) are not affected by this parameter. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 186 x Sets the port number linked with the link command. SEE ALSO: link command, y numeric parameter y Sets the transmission speed used by the linked port. SEE ALSO: link command, x numeric parameter z Set the timeZone in minutes behind GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). EXAMPLE: pz300 sets timezone 300 minutes behind GMT for EST. EXAMPLE: pz480 sets timezone 480 minutes behind GMT for PST. SEE ALSO: d numeric parameter, ZONE environment variable _ The _ numeric parameter controls the action taken by ZCOMM when a fatal error (one that generates the "ZCOMM: Error..." message). Any non zero value causes DTR to be dropped (disconnect the modem). A value greater than 100 causes ZCOMM to exit to the operating system. The NUKE key does not invoke this processing. EXAMPLE: p_101 22.1 Kermit Numeric Parameters The Super-Kermit parameters control Kermit protocol transfers. They are set with the kermit px# command. Their current values may be displayed with a kermit p command. These parameters rarely need changing for most systems. They can be changed in case of difficulty with Kermit transfers, especially with mainframe programs or obscure microcomputer Kermit impelementations. Certain of these parameters require character values expressed in decimal. The ASCII code chart in Chapter 29 gives the decimal value of all ASCII characters. When transferring files with Kermit programs operating on IBM mainframes with half duplex front ends, the kermit i parameter should be set to 1, and the kermit s parameter set to the longest response time expected, perhaps 45 seconds. EXAMPLE: kermit pi1; kermit ps45 SEE ALSO: Kermit protocol in Chapter 11 (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 187 7 If non zero, force seven bit line transmission with eighth bit quoting Kermit transmission even if ZCOMM is otherwise using eight bits no parity. This parameter is reset by the call command. 8 If non zero, force 8 bit transparent Kermit transmission even if ZCOMM is otherwise using seven bit line transmission. Normally, the Kermit file transfer commands use 7 bit line transmission and attempt to negotiate 8th bit quoting if one of the 7 bit modes (7e, 7o, 7m, 7s) is used. This parameter is reset by the call command. a Incoming packet-start character, default 1 (SOH). A Outgoing packet-start character, default 1 (SOH). b Block check type requested: 1=1 byte checksum, 2=2 byte checksum, 3=3 byte CRC-16 (default). Selecting a type 1 checksum instead of type 3 will increase throughput by 2-4 percent[4] at the expense of weaker error checking. The probability of undetected errors when using Kermit in checksum mode instead of CRC-16 increases dramatically with noisy lines and longer packets. c Control prefix in incoming data, default 35 (pound sign). C Control prefix in outgoing data, default 35 (pound sign). d Delay in seconds before initial sending, default 0. e Incoming end of line character, default 13 (CR). E Outgoing end of line character, default 13 (CR). i Use IBM line turnaround, default 0 (don't use IBM line turnaround). The Kermit x numeric parameter sets the turnaround character. This may be necessary when communicating with IBM mainframes with half duplex front ends. l Maximum outgoing packet length, default 1000, 1000 maximum. A value greater than 94 implies Kermit long packets. The receiving program may force shorter packets. L Maximum incoming packet length, default 1000, 1000 maximum. A value greater than 94 implies Kermit long packets. This sets a limit; the sending program may use shorter packets. __________ 4. for 96 byte packets (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 188 p Sets the number of padding characters (default 0) to send before and after each transmitted packet. SEE ALSO: kermit y numeric parameter r If non zero, remove incomplete files received with a protocol except those received with the + option (default 0). s Timeout interval in seconds waiting for XON characters or positive flow control (default 15). If an XON is not received within this time, transmission resumes anyway. A value of 0 disables this timeout. t Override timeout interval in seconds for incoming packets. The default of 0 allows the other program to specifiy the timeout. T Timeout interval for outgoing packets, default 4 seconds. v Eighth bit quoting character, default 38 (ampersand). Sliding Window size in Kermit packets, 1 minimum, 31 maximum, 15 default. Setting w to zero disables the sliding window. x IBM turnaround character, default 17 (XON). y Pad character to send, default 0 (NUL). SEE ALSO: kermit p numeric parameter 22.2 X/Y/ZMODEM Numeric Parameters These parameters control XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM protocol transfers. They are set with the z px# command available with ZMODEM flavors of ZCOMM. Their current values can be displayed with a z p command. These parameters rarely need changing in normal environments. b If non zero, ZMODEM sends a break when it is sending a file and receives a retransmission request. This mode of operation may be used with high speed modems to clear unwanted characters from the modem's buffer during error recovery. Usually, the modem must be given a configuration command to set the proper action to take when receiving a break signal. B Sets the duration of the break signal in tenths of a second, default 2 (200 milliseconds). c Enables Cybernetic Data Recovery(TM) on XMODEM and YMODEM transfers. Setting this parameter to 0 accommodates programs with non standard XMODEM/YMODEM protocols and slightly quickens file transfers. The default value of 1 provides optimum reliability for XMODEM and YMODEM transfers with programs that meet the XMODEM/YMODEM spec. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 189 C Sets the number of times ZMODEM will attempt to send a command (as a result of a zcommand command) (default 11). d Sets a delay time in tenths of seconds that the sz command will wait for a ZMODEM packet in response to the rz<ENTER> string it sends to the remote before sending a ZMODEM packet. This facilitates automatic ZMODEM uploads to VMS, which interrupts programs with the Ctrl-X character. The call command resets this parameter to its default of 1. Higher values increase the startup time when the receiving ZMODEM program is started before the sender. e If non zero, escape all control characters. This allows ZMODEM transfers to operate over data PBX and other systems that freak out when they receive control characters. f Flow control mask, only used with Unix/Xenix systems. Setting this to 0 (the default) disables hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control for Xenix/Unix systems with broken hardware flow control. On Xenix/Unix systems where only CTS flow control works properly, set this to 8192 to allow CTS flow control only. F Sets the pause after each data subpacket sent with the sz command when the F option is used, or when failing flow control is detected. The default value of 1 causes a one tenth second delay. SEE ALSO: F option On some Unix operating systems the pause will be rounded up to the next second or two. l block length packet length Normally, the ZMODEM "packet length" ("block length") is the file length. Setting this parameter non zero forces ZMODEM to close a frame and wait for an ACK after each # bytes (default 0). This makes ZMODEM behave like XMODEM, YMODEM, or JMODEM, which wait after each block/packet for an acknowledgement before going on to the next block. The packet length may be adjusted to prevent buffer overflow in data PBX systems. The call command resets this parameter to 0. L (Default 0) If non zero, overrides the nominal length of data subpackets within each ZMODEM frame. A smaller value speeds error recovery on noisy lines, a large value (maximum 1024) reduces the overhead of CRC characters. The call command resets this parameter to 0. Please note that streaming ZMODEM has no direct equivalent to XMODEM/YMODEM/JMODEM block length unless the zmodem l parameter is set non zero. In the absence of errors, ZMODEM normally sends the entire file without pause. If somebody claims ZMODEM's 1024 byte (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 190 subpacket length is slowing things down by more than one half per cent, he doesn't understand ZMODEM and should be ignored. n Sets the number of NULLS (default 0) sent before each ZDATA frame. Some buffered modems (Fastcomm) have a firmware bug which loses characters when changing the direction of transmission. This causes data frames to fail with a CRC or other error. ZMODEM n parameter values in the range of 100 to 150 have obviated this syndrome. P When set to 2 (the default), purge the transmit buffer and force a receiver response when a CR/LF sequence (indicating a PC-Pursuit DATA LOSS message) is detected. A value of 1 does not purge the transmit buffer. A value of 0 disables special processing of CR/LF sequences received by the sending ZMODEM. w If non 0, restrict the ZMODEM transmit window to the specified number of bytes. Setting this parameter to N requests acknowledgements from the receiver every N/4 characters. ZCOMM then waits for acknowledgements from the receiver whenever it has sent N more characters than it has received acknowledgements for. This parameter is useful with networks with defective flow control, and with networks that store an excessive number of characters in transit. The call command resets this parameter to 0. W Adjusts the number of characters the ZMODEM receiver will silently ignore when searching for the beginning of a new frame. This may be set larger to accomodate networks with excessive in transit storage, smaller to speed error recovery from long error bursts on direct connections. The call command resets this parameter to the default (1400). Z Number of minutes (default 0) to adjust the file modification date when using the Telink or Clink/SEAlink file transfer protocol to transfer a file between different time zones. The timeout parameters below may be set lower for faster X/YMODEM error recovery when transferring files between two micros, higher to accomodate extremely sluggish systems. Only in pathological cases is it necessary to modify these parameters. The call command resets these parameter to their defaults. p Timeout in tenths of seconds for gaps within a packet (default 50). r If non zero, remove incomplete files received with a protocol except those received with the + option (default 0). R When non 0, limits the number of bytes of file comparision used with the sz and rz -rr option. This parameter may be set to a value between 2048 and 32000 (1 billion on 32 bit systems). SEE ALSO: -rr option (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 191 s Timeout interval in seconds waiting for XON characters or positive flow control (default 15). If an XON is not received within this time, transmission resumes anyway. A value of 0 disables this timeout. t XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM Receiver timeout in tenths of seconds waiting for a packet or command acknowledgement (default 100). T Transmitter timeout in tenths of seconds waiting for a packet (default 600). (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 192 23. STRING PARAMETERS Case is significant in parameter names. ZCOMM provides two types of string parameters, permament and temporary. Permanent string parameters are always defined, and most perform specific defined functions. The permanent string parameters are described below. The names of the permament string parameters may be displayed with the command sequence pv1; set given at the command prompt. Without the pv1 only non empty string parameters are displayed. Temporary string parameters* are created by the set, sets, accept, and grab commands when they do not reference a permament string parameter. Temporary string parameter names begin with any letter except y and may have up to 16 letters or digits. The contents of temporary string parameters may be accessed and modified when ZCOMM is Restricted. New temporary string parameter names may not be created when ZCOMM is Restricted. The set command without arguments displays the current values and maximum string length for each of the non-empty string parameters. To set a parameter empty, enter "" as the parameter string (e.g., set txlog ""). Certain string parameters may be entered with ZCOMM's character escapes. When a string parameter is executed, it may be either sent to the remote as a string or executed as a command if its first character is @. EXAMPLE: set f7 "logout\r" programs F7 to send a string to the remote. EXAMPLE: set f7 "@echo logout" programs F7 to display logout on the screen. In strings sent to the remote, a \336 (octal 336) character causes a pause in transmission[1] (controlled by the p numeric parameter), which may be used to send multiple commands with one string. An optional underscore prepended to the name of a permament string parameter causes that string parameter to be cleared by the next call command. __________ 1. Not including the mput command (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 193 The following string parameters may not be accessed or modified by the set command or in string expansions when ZCOMM is Restricted: backtab bbs break bs esc etx exrc f1...f12 fs1...fs12 fc1...fc12 fa1...fa12 fcdel* fcdown* fcend* fchome* fcins* fcleft* fcpgdn* fcpgup* fcright* fcup* fdel fdown fhome fins fleft fnp5* fpgdn fpgup fright fup intolink* l linkpass* m oncloserx onclosetx onexit outahost outalink* password quitcmd rub tab unrestrict xpassword* The following may not be modified by the set command when ZCOMM is restricted: answerback baudstr blankfill call1** call2 call3* callers* calllog* callpath** challenge dircx dirfx dirrx dirsx disks dport e emdir entstr eolstr helpfile home hprompt lib lpnono mcommand mconnect menu messages mprefix mprompt msuffix n1 n2 n3 phones picture plog private rcmdlog* remote rname* rxlog* telno tmp tname* twxfile txlog* welcome xhelpfile The following parameters can never be modified by the set command: ano args c d drive e h oname1...oname5 pwd s t w y y0...y127 yb yf String Parameters for Remote Operation: answerback baudstr bbs call1** call2 call3* callers callpath** challenge dircx dirfx dirrx dirsx disks emdir exrc helpfile home hprompt intolink* linkpass* menu messages oncloserx onclosetx outahost outalink* password private pwd rcmdlog* rmtcmd* rname* rmtcheck* tname* twxfile unrestrict welcome xhelpfile String Parameters for Protocol File Transfer: adlopts dirrx dirsx oncloserx onclosetx String Parameters for Non Protocol File Transfer: blankfill dircx dirfx eolstr String Parameters for Interactive Operation: backtab break bs entstr esc etx lpnono mprompt Soft Keys tab rub xpassword* String Parameters for Scripts: ano args c d e h ifs item lib oncloserx onclosetx onexit oname1...oname5 remote rxcnt s s0...s9 t tmp y y0...y127 yb yf String Parameters for Making Calls: l m mcommand mconnect mprefix msuffix telno String Parameters for Log Keeping: callers* calllog* plog rcmdlog* rxlog* txlog* Other String Parameters: helpfile home kermreset menu onexit picture phones quitcmd adlopts Contains option(s) to be used for ZMODEM AutoDownloads. EXAMPLE: set adlopts "r" Use the r option (crash recovery) for files automatically downloaded with ZMODEM. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 194 alds An optional string to be used for controlling Alternate Long Distance Services. On Unix systems, allows assignments to the ALT keys a to z. ano After invoking one of the date related string parameters, the ano string contains the last two digits of the year. answerback When term is in q (TWX) mode, an answerback is sent in response to an incoming ENQ. The format of Answerback is determined by the Western Union Telegraph Company. It typically consists of \r\nNAME CITY\r\n\021 as entered by the set command using character escapes. (In the TWX protocol, the 021 (XON) at the end of the answerback turns on the tape reader.) The answerback string must begin with CR,LF. args contains the complete calling sequence to the current script level. EXAMPLE: call ge,upl accesses the genie telephone directory entry and stores ge.upl in args. backtab Assigns a string or command to the BACKTAB (Shift TAB) key. baudstr When ZCOMM gets a connect in host operation, ZCOMM executes baudstr. EXAMPLE: set baudstr "@gosub .%lib/baud.t" bbs May contain a shell escape command to activate a Bulletin Board program via a DOS Gateway. The bbs string parameter is always processed as a shell escape command, and should not include a leading "!". For security reasons, it should specify an absolute pathname. EXAMPLE: set bbs "~bbsprog" blankfill When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r, or w modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of blankfill (if set) to prevent the remote from receiving a blank (empty) line. (Some programs interpret a blank line as an exit from text entry.) ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If blankfill is empty, nothing is sent. The call command resets blankfill to empty. break Stores a string or command to be executed by the Ctrl-Break key instead of the default 100 ms break. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 195 EXAMPLE: Some Novation modems cannot pass a break signal: set break "@break putw %B\336\ 1\r putw %U\336\ 0\r" Causes the break key to send a break to get the modem's attention, then tells the modem to send the break itself, and finally restores the modem's ersatz "transparent" mode. SEE ALSO: break command bs Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by the backspace key when in the term function. c When the h or s string parameters is accessed, the hundredths of a second are stored in the c string parameter. The accuracy and precision of this quantity depend on the operating environment. call1 ** Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be executed before each time ZCOMM scans for outgoing message control scripts. Typically this would consist of a modem command disabling autoanswer, to allow outgoing calls. This string is not used if callpath is empty. EXAMPLE: set call1 "ATMS0=0\r" (Hayes Modem) call2 Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be executed each time ZCOMM begins to wait for a call in Host State. Typically this would command the modem to enable autoanswer for incoming calls. EXAMPLE: set call2 "ATMS0=1\r" (Hayes Modem) call3 * Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be executed each time ZCOMM begins waiting for incoming calls. Typically this would consist of a lput command to display an informational message on the local screen. Note that such a message will remain on the screen for long periods of time, possibly creating an afterimage on the CRT display. EXAMPLE: set call3 @lput "\n\nAwaiting Incoming Call. Press F1 to exit.\n" callers A pathname in which a log of successful host state logins is kept. If callers is null (the default), no log is kept. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 196 calllog * The filename that contains the log of successful autodialed calls. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. A typical entry with 6.3 minutes connect time with a system called cis02 is shown. C 2143:22 01-25-84 1200 c:226-0627 63 cis02 callpath ** Sets the ambiguous pathname that scans for scripts to transmit outgoing messages. If empty (the default), no scans are made. EXAMPLE: set callpath "/tmp/outmsg.*" NOTE: The "disks" string parameter must be set to include any drive specified in "callpath". SEE ALSO: call1, call2 string parameters challenge is executed when the caller connects and handshakes to determine transmission speed. This script runs without restriction, and should check for carrier after each reading of data. EXAMPLE: set challenge "@gosub .%lib/challeng.t" d Is set to the date when called, in the form "mmdd". EXAMPLE: t cia%d.TXT If the date is December 7, ZCOMM enters the term function with capture to KGB1207.txt EXAMPLE: create -st+ cbbs%d.tmp SEE ALSO: h, t string parameters drive Is set to the current default disk drive letter when ZCOMM starts and when logging into a new disk drive with an A: command. mprompt, hprompt string parameters dircx dirfx dirrx dirsx String parameters for default/override directories. Their uses are described in Chapter 14. disks Contains the disks that may be logged into with with the d: command where "d" is the drive letter, or that may appear as part (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 197 of a pathname. If empty (the default), drive letters are not checked. This parameter should be set to prevent local or remote users from hanging the system by accessing an off-line disk drive. It is also used to prevent restricted remote users from accessing private data files. This string must be entered in lower case. EXAMPLE: set disks "abc" SEE ALSO: home string parameter dport Contains the name of the active communications port, otherwise empty. SEE ALSO: port command drive Contains the drive letter of the current default DOS disk drive. emdir A directory pathname for incoming electronic mail files. emdir affects twxfile unless twxfile is an absolute path. emdir is also used for incoming electronic mail using the YMODEM Batch protocol in the absence of a login. EXAMPLE: set emdir "/memo" entstr If entstr is set, ZCOMM sends the contents of entstr when ENTER (carriage return key) is keyboarded in the term function, unless n mode is in effect. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If entstr is empty, a carriage return is sent. The "call" command resets entstr to empty. EXAMPLE: set entstr "\3" sends an ETX (octal 3) when Enter is keyboarded. This is handy for some computer systems that expect keyboarded lines to be terminated with something other than the usual carriage return. NOTE: The characters in entstr are always sent at full speed. SEE ALSO: eolstr string parameter eolstr When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r, or w modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of eolstr (if set) to terminate the line. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If eolstr is empty, a carriage return is sent. The "call" command resets eolstr to empty. EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r." sends a carriage return followed by a period at the end of each line read from the transmit file. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 198 NOTE: The characters in eolstr are always sent at full speed. SEE ALSO: entstr, blankfill string parameters esc Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by the ESC key when in term function. etx Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by ETX (Ctrl-C) when in the term function. exrc Is sent to the modem/executed when an interactive Host Operation session logs out. EXAMPLE: set exrc "@set disks c" resets the disks parameter in case privileged (unrestricted) callers modify this parameter. h is set to the hour of the day in the form hhmm. EXAMPLE: echo "It is now %h Hours" displays: It is now 1930 Hours. SEE ALSO: hh, mm, d, t string parameters helpfile The pathname that contains the online help file. You may wish to set this in the phone directory "setup" entry. Iff helpfile begins with the character @, the rest of helpfile is treated as a Zcomm command. SEE ALSO: xhelpfile string parameters, help command, T test condition hh is set to the hour of the day in the form hh. EXAMPLE: echo "It is now hour %h." displays: It is now hour 09. SEE ALSO: h, mm, d, t string parameters home When ZCOMM is invoked, home is set to the current directory. When the "cd" command is given without an argument, the directory is changed to the contents of home. When ZCOMM is Restricted, absolute pathnames (those beginning with \ or /) must have home as a prefix. This restricts unprivileged users to the directory given in home and/or its subdirectories on any of the disks allowed by the disks string parameter. When changing the value of home, use slashes (/) and not backslases (\), and do not use a disk identifier. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 199 SEE ALSO: disks string parameter hprompt Overrides the default host operation command prompt. SEE ALSO: mprompt, drive, pwd string parameters id0-id3 General purpose string parameters that may be used to hold ID strings (user account numbers) for script login applications. ifs The "Internal Field Separator" string contains the default characters to be used by the split command to parse a string into fields. item * When the expand command is executing a script, the item string parameter is set to the pathname of the matched file. intolink * A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem when ZCOMM enters the link command. EXAMPLE: set intolink "\r" sends CR to the linked computer. EXAMPLE: set intolink "@portx 0f8,2" selects a nonstandard link port. SEE ALSO: linkpass, outalink string parameters kermreset A string (up to 32 characters) may be sent by Pro-YAM's Kermit when it attempts to recover from a transmission error. The default value for this string is empty. Two metacharacters are special: \336 inserts a one second pause, \335 sends a break. l l (letter l) indicates selection of a long distance carrier for calls to other area codes. It is set to "1" as a default. l may be set to the access code of the particular alternate long distance service desired with a "set" command. SEE ALSO: m string parameter lib A string variable which may be used to indicate the directory containing scripts. linkpass * If set, callers must enter this password when accessing the link command. lpnono Do not send any of the characters in lpnono to the printer. lpnono may use ZCOMM Character Escapes to represent control characters. EXAMPLE: set lpnono "\023" prevents the printer from receiving the DC3 (XOFF) character that places some printers off line. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 200 EXAMPLE: set lpnono "\7" prevents the printing of bell characters. SEE ALSO: l mode m m is used to indicate selection of a long distance carrier for calls within the same area code. It is set to "1" as a default. m may be set to the access code of the particular alternate long distance service desired with a "set" command. It is separate from the l string parameter because the default "1" prefix may not work if the area code is given, but some alternative long distance services require the area code to be specified for calls within the same area code. SEE ALSO: l string parameter mcommand A command that is executed instead of ZCOMM's built in dialing routine. This may be either "gosub dial" which would access the "dial" entry in the phones file, or "source /dial" which would access the script from a separate file. The second method allows a separate "dial" file for each machine, but requires one more file to be kept track of. Note that mcommand does not start with an @. The default value is empty, disabling this function. EXAMPLE: set mcommand "gosub dial" SEE ALSO: telno string parameter mconnect A command that is executed or string that is sent to the modem when the modem makes a connection. A typical use is to set transparent mode for some Novation modems. The default value is empty, disabling this function. menu The filename that contains the script accessed by the menu command. EXAMPLE: set menu /host/menu.hst messages Messages entered with the message command are appended to this pathname. By convention, this file should be readable when ZCOMM is running in Restricted host mode. EXAMPLE: set messages "/host/messages" (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 201 mprefix A command that is executed or a string that is sent to the modem as a prefix to dialing a number. The default ATD works with the Hayes Smartmodem(TM) 1200. ATDT instructs the modem to use DTMF (Touch Tone(TM)) dialing instead of pulse dialing. Character escapes may be used. mm is set to the minute of the hour. It expands to the form mm. EXAMPLE: echo "It is now %h minutes past the hour" displays: It is now 30 minutes past the hour. SEE ALSO: h, hh, d, t string parameters mprompt Overrides the default main command prompt. EXAMPLE: set mprompt "\r\E[1m%drive:\L%pwd <<<\E[m " Sets the host operation command prompt to display the current disk drive (%c) and directory (%pwd) highlighted (\E[1m) and in lower case (\L). N.B.: If you access Unix systems with ZCOMM, choose an mprompt string that is distinct from your Unix prompt. SEE ALSO: hprompt, drive, pwd string parameters msuffix A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem after the last digit in the phone number. Most intelligent modems require the default value of "\r". n0-n9 General purpose string parameters. oname1...oname5 contains the information stored by the args string parameter for each level. oncloserx Optional user exit commands to execute after each file is received with a protocol file transfer.* Its use is described in Chapter 11. onclosetx Optional user exit commands to execute after each file is sent with a protocol file transfer.* Its use is described in Chapter 11. onexit Optional commands to execute as ZCOMM exits to the operating system. EXAMPLE: set onexit "@echo GOODBYE!!" outahost A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem when ZCOMM exits host operation with a F1 or ALT-N key. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 202 EXAMPLE: set outahost ATZ\r sends the ATZ command to a Hayes modem to restore its default no autoanswer state. outalink * A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem when ZCOMM exits the link command. EXAMPLE: set outalink "@kill; px0" clears the circular buffer and prevents restricted callers from accessing the link command. SEE ALSO: intolink string parameter password Changes the password callers must enter to gain access to your computer when ZCOMM is in host operation. If password is empty no password will be demanded. EXAMPLE: set password "Change This Already" SEE ALSO: challeng.t script, demand command phones The filename that contains the telephone directory entries and associated commands used with the call and gosub commands. The default is "/PHODIR.t". The default may be changed at installation time by the putsnp program. The DOS environment variable PHONES will override the default when ZCOMM is started. Finally, a set command may be used to change the telephone directory once ZCOMM has started. picture The filename used by the ALT-Z command to "zap" a copy of the display memory to the specified file. plog The filename that contains the file transfer performance log. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. private Pathname that messages are stored into by the private command. This file should NOT be readable when ZCOMM is running in Restricted host mode. EXAMPLE: set private "/private" pw0-pw3 General purpose string parameters for holding passwords. If defined with a set _pw0 "secretpw" command, it will be cleared with the next call command. pwd This parameter is set to the current working directory by each cd and pwd command. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 203 quitcmd Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be executed when a protocol file transfer has been completed if the ALT-Q key was typed during that transfer. EXAMPLE: set quitcmd t\r\336\r\336\r\025off\r would send t<ENTER>, a pause, <ENTER>, a pause, <ENTER>, and ^Uoff<ENTER>. This sequence may be useful for automatically logging off Compuserve after downloading a file. SEE ALSO: ALT-Q special key rcmdlog * The filename that contains the log of commands issued remotely (in Host Operation) along with the time, transmission speed, and the name of the caller. If set to "prn", the commands are logged on the printer. A highly buffered printer, hard disk file or ramdisk file is recommended because this file will be opened and closed for each host command. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. EXAMPLE: set rcmdlog D:rcmds remote ZCOMM reads The full name of the remote system from the telephone directory entry when the call command is given. EXAMPLE: call omen using the omen entry in the distributed PHODIR.t file assigns omen-tech to the remote string parameter. In Host Operation, the caller's name is read into remote. SEE ALSO: call command, xpassword string parameter, \PXXXX character escape rmtcheck Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be executed each time ZCOMM accepts a command line or ZMODEM protocol Command Download from the remote caller when in Host Operation, before that command is executed. SEE ALSO: rmtcmd, pwd string parameters EXAMPLE: set rmtcheck "@source D:remcheck.t" rmtcmd Contains the command line entered by the caller or received by ZMODEM protocol Command Download in Host Operation. This may be modified by an unrestricted script invoked via the rmtcheck string parameter. SEE ALSO: rmtcheck string parameter, checkrmt.t script (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 204 rname * Contains the name of the last file received by a protocol, successful or not. rub Assigns a string or command to the RUBOUT (Shift Backspace) key. rxcnt A three digit number which counts the number of files that have been created for receiving. An incoming file with an illegal name is changed to rename.n with n is incremented from the value stored in rxcnt (or 0). rxlog * The filename that contains the log of received files. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. s * Contains the current time in seconds since the last minute. s0...s9 These may be tested with the if %sN and if i%sN,string commands, or expanded into a string using character escapes with the "%sN" construction, where N is 1...9. Use set param "" (empty string enclosed by double quote characters) to set a string parameter to empty. statlr May be used to place a messgae in the right side of the term function status line, replacing the information normally displayed there. Soft Keys The f1 to fa12 strings are executed by the respective keys from the term function, review function, or command prompt. In the term function, soft keys definitions for fins, fdel, fhome, fup, fdown, fpgup, fpgdn, fleft, fright, fend will override ZCOMM's built-in definitions for these keys. The built-in definitions take precedence in the review function, conference command, and at the command prompt. Computers with the 101 key extended keyboard and ROM BIOS support allow ZCOMM to distinguish the cursor cluster keys and the two new function keys labelled F11 and F12. Extended keyboard cursor cluster keys may be reassigned with the fcdel, fcdown, fcend, fchome, fcins, fcleft, fcpgdn, fcpgup, fcright, and fcup string parameters. The fnp5 key may be assigned to the "5" key on the numeric pad.[2] ZCOMM's character escapes can be used to encode special characters, including spaces and/or tabs. EXAMPLE: set bs "\177"; set rubout "\b" Swap backspace and rubout for VMS __________ 2. Visible on extended 101 key keyboards with extended BIOS support only (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 205 The contents of these keys may be displayed by ALT-K or by the keys command. If the assigned string begins with "@" (commercial at), the string is executed as a command. A soft key command called from the term function should not end with a t or f command because this would cause excessive recursion (calling the term function from within the term function). (Use the create or open instead.) In the conference command, soft keys are inserted into the editing window unless they are commands, which are executed. Soft keys are not executed from review or the command prompt unless they are commands (beginning with "@"). EXAMPLE: set f3 @rb Assigns the rb command to F3. t expands to the current time and date each time it is used. SEE ALSO: d, h string parameters tab Assigns a string or command to the TAB key. telno The current telephone number string. SEE ALSO: mcommand string parameter tmp A string variable which may be used to indicate the directory used for data to be transmitted or received. tname * Contains the name of the last file sent with a protocol, successful or not. txlog * The filename that contains the log of transmitted files. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. unrestrict Changes the password callers must match to allow remote functions that are normally restricted such as erasing files, listing and changing parameters, and changing to private directories. If unrestrict is empty (the default), the unrestrict command will fail. SEE ALSO: unrestrict command w Contains the day of the week (local time) as Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, or Sun. welcome is executed after the password (if any) has been demanded and accepted. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 206 EXAMPLE: set welcome "@type welcome.txt; purgek; nulls 0" xhelpfile The pathname that contains the online help file for host mode commands. This should be readable when ZCOMM is in Restricted Host Operation. Iff xhelpfile begins with the character @, the rest of xhelpfile is treated as a Zcomm command. SEE ALSO: helpfile string parameters, help command xpassword * xpassword is a master password string that may be used to generate a unique password for each system called. xpassword is encrypted by the name of the remote system (string parameter remote) to generate a password unique to each remote system called. The generated password is transmitted as a result of a Soft Key programmed with the \PXXXX construction described in Chapter 23. To view the generated password, set the remote string parameter to the full remote system name as it appears in the appropriate telephone directory (up to but not including any "-" character), then keyboard lput \PXXXX from the main command prompt. EXAMPLE: set f8 "\PXXXX" Programs F8 to transmit a 5 character password from the term function. Omen Technology Inc cannot accept responsibility for damages due to the breaking of any codes used or generated by ZCOMM. uucplock Contains an optional UUCP lock file prefix for arbitrating tty ports with the Unix UUCP program. This is normally set automatically, or from the UUCPLOCK environment variable. EXAMPLE: set uucplock "/usr/spool/locks/LCK.." Ee y* All variable names beginning with "y" are reserved! y0...y127 Read only string parameters y0 to y127 expand to represent lines displayed by the term function. y0 corresponds to the current partially finished line as displayed by the term function. The last line referenced by y0...y127 becomes the y string parameter current line used by the y, yb, and yf string paramrters. Each time the term function displays a newline from the remote, the y parameter is set to the new, unfinished line from the remote. y expands to represent the y parameter current line. yb Referencing the yb read only string parameter backs up the y string parameter current line one line, and then represents that line. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 207 yf Referencing the yb read only string parameter advances the y string parameter current line one line, and then represents that line. SEE ALSO: H, h test conditions zmrxesc Requests the sending ZMODEM-90(TM) program[3] to escape the specified additional control character(s). Printing characters @ (40 hex) to _ (57 hex) escape the corresponding control characters NULL (0) to US (1F) in both parities. EXAMPLE: set zmrxesc "@" Requests the sending program to escape NULL (0) and NULL with 8th bit set (80 hex). SEE ALSO: zmtxesc string parameter zmtxesc Causes ZMODEM send commands to escape the specified additional control character(s). Printing characters @ (40 hex) to _ (57 hex) escape the corresponding control characters NULL (0) to US (1F) in both parities. SEE ALSO: zmrxesc string parameter __________ 3. DSZ.COM does not support the zmrxesc string parameter. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 Character Escapes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 208 24. CHARACTER ESCAPES Some commands use strings with character escapes similar to those used by the C programming language for describing string constants. When translating a string for character escapes, ZCOMM substitutes strings (%svar) and then translates the result for backslash (\) encoded character escapes. String-Parameter %svar Environment-Param %SVAR % (per cent) \045 password* \PXXXXXXX cleartext* \C+clear-text+ ciphertext* \M+ciphertext+ newline (LF) \n return (CR) \r tab (HT) \t alarm (BEL) \a backspace (BS) \b form feed (FF) \f escape (ESC) \E transparent \T lowercase \L uppercase \U octal byte \nnn decimal byte \dnnn hex byte \xHH control char \^C concatenation \& backslash \\ To preserve compatibility with future TurboDial enhancements, a backslash should not be followed by a character not listed above. %svar is replaced by the value of the corresponding string parameter. The string parameter name must be written exactly, in the correct case, with no extra letters or digits at the end. Any non alphanumeric character delimits the parameter name. The DOS environment is searched for parameters after exhausting the ZCOMM string parameters.[1] \PXXXXXXX uses the xpassword and remote string parameters to generate a password unique to each remote system, replacing each X character with an upper case alphabetic character.* The xpassword parameter must have at least as many characters as the number of characters used in __________ 1. DOS environment parameters are upper case only (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 24 Character Escapes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 209 the \PXXXXX construction. SEE ALSO: xpassword, remote string parameters \M+ciphertext+ uses a cipher and the contents of the mpassword string parameter to decrypt and transmit the cleartext equivalent to ciphertext. Ciphertext is delimited by the character immediately following "M". \C+cleartext+ is treated as above, except for no decryption. EXAMPLE: \C+foobar+ is translated to foobar by ZCOMM's character escape expansion. A separate program pga encrypts instances of \C+cleartext+ into \M+ciphertext+ according to a user specified master password. Pga also decrypts \M sequences to either cleartext, or encrypts them with a new master password. Please refer to Chapter 99. The \n, \r, \t, \b, \f, \E, \nnn, \xHH, \^C and \\ character escapes generate the associated character. The \T character escape inhibits the processing of character eascpes (but not string substitutions) in the remainder of the string. It is useful when the raw string contains backslashes which must not be treated as character escapes. The \L character escape forces the rest of the string to lower case, up to the next \ character. Likewise, \U forces upper case. Octal byte escapes (\nnn) accept 1 to 3 octal digits terminated by the first non octal digit. Decimal byte escapes (\dnnn) accept 1 to 3 digits terminated by the first non digit. Hex byte escapes (\xHH) accept exactly 2 hex digits. Control characters may also be represented by \^C where C is the printing representation for Ctrl-C and ^ is the circumflex character. The \& character escape generates nothing; it is useful to delimit the lexical end of a string parameter name in string concatenation applications. 24.1 Concatenating String Parameters To concatenate the contents of a string parameter with other characters, one must escape the next character with a backslash if it is a letter or digit. The \& character escape expands to nothing. EXAMPLE: Assume string parameter s1 contains "foo". putw "%s1\&bar" (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 24 Character Escapes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 210 sends "foobar". putw "%s1\142ar" sends "foobar". putw "%s1-skidoo" sends "foo-skidoo". putw "%s1bar" is undefined. putw "%s1\bar" sends "foo<BS>ar" Failure to observe this property causes the sets and put commands to give unexpected results. An encrypted password* is generated from the prototype string \PXXXXXXXX where each X generates an upper case alphabetic character by encrypting the leading letters of the remote system name by xpassword. Only the leading letters of the remote system name are used to allow a directory to have a number of alternate access methods for a given system, yet produce the same automatic password. For example, "source", "source-telenet", "source300" would all generate the same password, but "sourceb" would generate a different password. xpassword must have at least as many characters as X characters in the prototype string. Omen Technology Inc and sellers of ZCOMM cannot accept any responsibility for damages due to the breaking of any ciphers used or generated by ZCOMM. An arbitrary byte is generated by backslash followed by one to three octal digits, backslash x followed by exactly two hex digits, or by backslash circumflex followed by three decimal digits. 7 bit transmission modes (7s, 7m, 7e, 7o) modify the parity bit of characters transmitted by the term function during the put[w] command. 24.2 Quoting Strings Strings must be enclosed by double quotes (Shift ' on the IBM Personal Computer) to allow white space and/or semicolon to be included in the string. If a string containing white space were not quoted, it would be terminated by the first space or tab, and ZCOMM would consider the rest of the intended string as another (incorrect) command. 24.3 Layering of Escaped Characters Sometimes a string will be processed two (or more) times by ZCOMM's character escapes. set fs2 "@accept s1 Name:; find \n%s1 %phones" (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 24 Quoting Strings